3-Feb-2023: African countries face Cholera vaccine shortage
Nearly 27,300 new cases of cholera including 687 deaths have been reported in five African countries since the beginning of 2023. Cholera is a serious bacterial infection that causes severe diarrhea, vomiting and dehydration. WHO has warned that Climate Change could make cholera epidemics more common. The bacteria that causes cholera can reproduce more quickly in warmer water.
What is Cholera?
Cholera is an acute bacterial infection that affects the small intestine. It is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, which is transmitted through contaminated food or water.
What are the symptoms of Cholera?
The symptoms of cholera typically appear within a few hours to five days after infection. They include:
- Profuse watery diarrhea that can lead to severe dehydration
- Vomiting
- Muscle cramps
- Rapid heart rate
- Low blood pressure
- Shock
Who is at risk of getting Cholera?
Cholera is most common in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene, particularly in developing countries. People who live in or travel to areas with inadequate sanitation and water supply are at highest risk.
How is Cholera treated?
Cholera is a treatable disease, but early treatment is crucial to prevent severe dehydration and other complications. Treatment involves replacing lost fluids and electrolytes (salt and minerals) through oral rehydration therapy or intravenous fluids. Antibiotics may also be given to shorten the duration of the illness and reduce the severity of symptoms.
How can Cholera be prevented?
- Prevention of cholera involves improving sanitation and hygiene, including access to clean water and proper disposal of human waste. This can be achieved through measures such as:
- Boiling or treating water before consumption
- Washing hands with soap and water regularly, especially before eating or preparing food
- Avoiding raw or undercooked seafood
- Using toilets or latrines instead of open defecation
Is there a vaccine for Cholera?
Yes, there are several vaccines available for cholera, including an oral vaccine that provides protection for up to two years. The vaccine is recommended for people traveling to areas with cholera outbreaks or those at high risk of exposure.
Is Cholera a global health concern?
Cholera remains a significant global health concern, particularly in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene. According to the World Health Organization, there were 1.3 million reported cases of cholera and 13,000 deaths worldwide in 2019. However, the true number of cases and deaths is likely higher, as many cases go unreported or undiagnosed.