17-Dec-2021: Development of Bio-Toilets by DRDO

The major features of bio-toilet developed by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)are as under:

• It makes use of an anaerobic (without oxygen) process through which the human waste is digested by consortium of bacteria;
• Bio-toilet has been customized and different designs have been developed for use under different geo-climatic conditions.

The Cow dung is used for the enrichment bacterial consortium. Following four types of bacteria are present in the consortium:

• Hydrolase
• Acidogenase
• Acitogenase
• Methogens

DRDO has transferred the technology to approximately 60 industries all over the country. These industries have installed bio-digesters across the country. A total number of about 16000 bio-digesters have been installed in more than 20 states. In addition, more than 2.5 lakhs bio-digesters have been installed in Indian Railways coaches, which cater to the need of more than 100 lakh passengers on daily basis.