21-Mar-2022: Safety Of the Mullaperiyar Dam
All large dams of the country, including Mullaperiyar dam, under the category of ‘specified dams’ come under the ambit of the Dam Safety Act, 2021. Details can be accessed through the link http://cwc.gov.in/sites/default/files/nrld06042019.pdf
The Dam Safety Act, 2021 also contains provisions for safety aspects of dams, other than 'specified dams'.
There is a report titled “Ageing Water Storage Infrastructure: An Emerging Global Risk” published in the 11th Series Report of United Nations University-Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH). This report has mentioned about certain safety concerns of the Mullaperiyar dam.
However, as far as Mullaperiyar dam is concerned, Hon'ble Supreme Court, vide judgment dated 07.05.2014 constituted a three member Supervisory Committee. This Committee has been regularly monitoring the dam from safety perspective. Moreover, the recently enacted Dam Safety Act 2021 has enabling provisions for comprehensive dam safety evaluation of all the 'specified dams', including Mulla Periyar Dam.
2-Dec-2021: UN report on Mullaperiyar Dam
There is a report titled “Ageing Water Storage Infrastructure: An Emerging Global Risk” published in the 11th Series Report of United Nations University-Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU-INWEH). The said report has mentioned about certain safety concerns of the Mullaperiyar dam.
Through inspections, investigations, tests and studies, the health of a dam can be evaluated. Various instruments, which are installed in the dam provide relevant information on the safety conditions of a dam. Pre and Post monsoon inspections are generally carried out by the dam owning agencies every year.
As per information available with Central Water Commission (CWC), in 1979 some distress condition was reported in the Mullaperiyar dam. Thereafter the CWC suggested certain categories of strengthening measures viz. emergency measures, short term measures and long term measures. The emergency and short term measures were completed by the Government of Tamil Nadu.
Safety issues of the Mullaperiyar dam have been examined and reviewed by various expert groups/committees in the past. The safety issues of this dam were examined under the directions of the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India in the case Original Suit No. 3 of 2006 [State of Tamil Nadu versus State of Kerala & Anr.], through an Empowered Committee. The Empowered Committee concluded that the Mullaperiyar dam was safe in all respects, viz., hydrologically, structurally and seismically and this fact was taken cognizance of in the Hon'ble Supreme Court's judgement dated 07.05.2014.
Also under the World Bank funded Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (DRIP), which was concluded in March 2021, dam safety inspections were carried out for 28 dam projects of Kerala by the Dam Safety Review Panel, constituted by the Government of Kerala.
Commissioning or de-commissioning of dams owned by State Governments is exclusively within the purview of the dam owning State.
16-Mar-2022: Sex Ratio at Birth
Sample survey of births and deaths known as Sample Registration System (SRS) is being carried out on continuous basis by the Office of the Registrar General, India in randomly selected villages and urban blocks spread throughout the country. The main objective of the survey is to provide annual reliable estimates of infant mortality, birth and death rates at the state and national levels. The Sex ratio at birth is defined as the number of female births per 1000 male birth. The estimates of Sex ratio at birth under SRS are derived by pooling the data for three years on moving average basis.
Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) Scheme aims to address declining Child Sex Ratio (CSR) and related issues of empowerment of girls and women over a life cycle continuum. The objectives of the scheme are, to prevent gender biased sex selective elimination, to ensure survival and development of the girl child and to ensure education and participation of the girl child. The scheme has been expanded to cover all the districts of the country through multi-sectoral interventions.
As per the latest 5th report of National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5, 2019-21) of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare the sex ratio of total population (females per 1000 males) is 1020 for the country as a whole, with sex ratio rural at 1037 and sex ratio urban at 985.
The Government of India has enacted a comprehensive legislation, the Pre-conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) (PC&PNDT) Act in 1994, for prohibition of sex selection, before and after conception and for regulation of prenatal diagnostic techniques.
Sex ratio at birth (female per 1000 male) by residence, India and bigger States/UTs, 2013-15 to 2017-19
India and bigger States/UT's |
Total |
Rural |
Urban |
||||||||||||
2013-15 |
2014-16 |
2015-17 |
2016-18 |
2017-19 |
2012-14 |
2013-15 |
2014-16 |
2015-17 |
2017-19 |
2012-14 |
2013-15 |
2014-16 |
2015-17 |
2017-19 |
|
India |
900 |
898 |
896 |
899 |
904 |
903 |
902 |
898 |
900 |
904 |
890 |
888 |
890 |
897 |
906 |
Andhra Pradesh |
918 |
913 |
916 |
920 |
931 |
933 |
923 |
928 |
930 |
938 |
885 |
888 |
885 |
898 |
917 |
Assam |
900 |
896 |
915 |
925 |
928 |
902 |
898 |
918 |
927 |
929 |
876 |
880 |
891 |
905 |
918 |
Bihar |
916 |
908 |
900 |
895 |
894 |
921 |
912 |
904 |
896 |
893 |
870 |
871 |
865 |
883 |
902 |
Chhattisgarh |
961 |
963 |
961 |
958 |
956 |
987 |
995 |
985 |
976 |
972 |
839 |
833 |
862 |
881 |
891 |
Delhi |
869 |
857 |
850 |
844 |
865 |
909 |
917 |
926 |
960 |
953 |
866 |
856 |
848 |
841 |
862 |
Gujarat |
854 |
848 |
855 |
866 |
870 |
871 |
867 |
865 |
866 |
863 |
826 |
820 |
838 |
865 |
881 |
Haryana |
831 |
832 |
833 |
843 |
865 |
836 |
835 |
828 |
840 |
862 |
821 |
824 |
844 |
847 |
871 |
Himachal Pradesh |
924 |
917 |
918 |
930 |
949 |
929 |
921 |
920 |
932 |
951 |
844 |
852 |
878 |
891 |
902 |
Jammu & Kashmir |
899 |
906 |
917 |
927 |
918 |
895 |
903 |
919 |
930 |
920 |
915 |
919 |
910 |
917 |
915 |
Jharkhand |
902 |
918 |
916 |
923 |
916 |
914 |
927 |
927 |
932 |
920 |
852 |
882 |
876 |
888 |
902 |
Karnataka |
939 |
935 |
929 |
924 |
915 |
967 |
965 |
958 |
949 |
941 |
887 |
883 |
879 |
881 |
873 |
Kerala |
967 |
959 |
948 |
957 |
968 |
978 |
972 |
965 |
967 |
980 |
950 |
946 |
931 |
947 |
955 |
Madhya Pradesh |
919 |
922 |
916 |
925 |
927 |
911 |
913 |
908 |
914 |
915 |
954 |
957 |
950 |
968 |
973 |
Maharashtra |
878 |
876 |
881 |
880 |
881 |
871 |
872 |
886 |
878 |
884 |
890 |
882 |
875 |
881 |
877 |
Odisha |
950 |
948 |
938 |
933 |
931 |
961 |
959 |
946 |
940 |
935 |
869 |
871 |
881 |
891 |
907 |
Punjab |
889 |
893 |
886 |
890 |
891 |
869 |
876 |
874 |
878 |
874 |
924 |
921 |
905 |
908 |
918 |
Rajasthan |
861 |
857 |
856 |
871 |
879 |
867 |
862 |
858 |
874 |
882 |
840 |
838 |
851 |
860 |
869 |
Tamil Nadu |
911 |
915 |
907 |
908 |
915 |
920 |
926 |
919 |
913 |
913 |
901 |
903 |
896 |
903 |
918 |
Telangana |
* |
901 |
897 |
901 |
899 |
* |
940 |
922 |
918 |
912 |
* |
841 |
859 |
875 |
879 |
Uttar Pradesh |
879 |
882 |
878 |
880 |
894 |
869 |
871 |
862 |
865 |
881 |
923 |
923 |
938 |
934 |
943 |
Uttarakhand |
844 |
850 |
841 |
840 |
848 |
850 |
857 |
849 |
851 |
862 |
828 |
832 |
816 |
810 |
812 |
West Bengal |
951 |
937 |
939 |
941 |
944 |
953 |
938 |
943 |
947 |
948 |
944 |
932 |
925 |
923 |
928 |
3-Feb-2022: Construction of dam at Mekedatu
The Feasibility Report (FR) of Mekedatu Balancing Reservoir cum Drinking Water Project was submitted to Central Water Commission (CWC) by Government of Karnataka for according "in principle" clearance for preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) of the project. The Screening Committee of Central Water Commission in its meeting held on 24.10.2018 accorded “in-principle” clearance for preparation of DPR by project authority (Government of Karnataka) subject to certain conditions including that: “As the main objective of this scheme as stated in the FR is to implement the Cauvery Water Dispute Tribunal(CWDT) Award as modified by the Hon'ble Supreme Court, acceptance of Cauvery Water Management Authority (CWMA) would be a pre-requisite for consideration of the DPR by the Advisory Committee of MoWR, RD & GR”.
Subsequently, DPR of Mekedatu Balancing Reservoir cum Drinking Water Project was submitted to CWC by Government of Karnataka in January 2019 and copies of the same were forwarded to Cauvery Water Management Authority (CWMA).
The State of Tamil Nadu has requested the Central Government to advise the Government of Karnataka not to take up the Mekedatu project.
Discussion on the DPR of the above project was included as an agenda item during various meetings of CWMA. However, discussion on this issue could not take place due to lack of consensus among party States on this agenda item.
19-Jul-2021: Construction of Mekedatu Dam
The Feasibility Report (FR) of Mekedatu Balancing Reservoir cum Drinking Water Project was submitted to Central Water Commission (CWC) by Government of Karnataka for according "in-principle" clearance for preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR) of the project. The Screening Committee of Central Water Commission in its meeting held on 24.10.2018 accorded “in-principle” clearance for preparation of DPR by project authority (Government of Karnataka) subject to certain conditions.
DPR of Mekedatu Balancing Reservoir cum Drinking Water Project was submitted to CWC by Government of Karnataka in January 2019 and copies of DPR were forwarded to Cauvery Water Management Authority (CWMA) for obtaining consent of co-basin States for acceptability of the DPR.
The Central Government, by gazette notification of the then Ministry of Water Resources and Ganga Rejuvenation dated 1st June, 2018, constituted the Cauvery Water Management Authority (CWMA) and Cauvery Water Regulation Committee (CWRC) to give effect to the decision of the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal as modified by the Hon’ble Supreme Court vide its Order, dated the 16th February, 2018. So far, 12 meetings of CWMA and 48 Meetings of CWRC have been held upto 14.07.2021.
16-Feb-2017: Karnataka clears Mekedatu project
Karnataka has decided to implement the ₹5,912 crore Mekedatu multi-purpose (drinking and power) project that involves building a balancing reservoir across the Cauvery near Kanakapura in Ramanagaram district.
The contentious project has been opposed by Tamil Nadu on the ground that it violates the Cauvery tribunal order. A Cabinet meeting on Wednesday, gave in-principle approval for the project, which envisages construction of a balancing reservoir with a storage capacity of 66 tmc ft. The project would ease the drinking water problems of Bengaluru and Ramanagaram districts.
The proposed reservoir would utilise excess water after releasing 192 tmc ft of water to Tamil Nadu as per the Cauvery Water Dispute Tribunal. The government would place the project before the Central Water Commission as well as the supervisory committee of the Supreme Court and the Ministry of Environment and Forests for taking clearances.