22-Mar-2022: Development of Inland waterways and Arth ganga initiative
Modal share of Inland Water Transport (IWT) in freight movement is 2%. Based on the findings of feasibility studies/Detailed Project Reports (DPR), about 5149 km length of 26 National Waterways (NWs) has been found feasible for development for the purpose of shipping and navigation. The utilization of waterways depends on various factors which primarily include availability of vessels, uninterrupted fairway and economical first & last mile connectivity. There has been constraint on availability of vessels in the private sector for various reasons which are mostly market driven. In the case of fairway, the fairway development carried out is sustainable to the desired level only when the conservancy works undertaken are reinforced by the adequate water discharges down the stream.
Under the circumstances, there has been positive growth trends in the IWT traffic from 19.77 MTPA during 2001-02 to 96.31 MTPA during 2021-22 (till February).
As per RITES Report of 2014 on “Integrated National Waterways Transportation Grid”, the cost comparison between Inland Water Transport (IWT) mode and other dominant modes of surface transport is as below:
Mode |
Railways |
Highways |
IWT |
Freight (Rs./T.km) |
1.36 |
2.50 |
1.06 |
Freight movement on NW-1 (The Ganga) has increased from 4.89 Million Tonne (MT) in 2016-17 to 9.21 MT in 202-21 there by marking an increase of 88% since 2016-17 and Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 17%. Inland Waterways Authority of India has undertaken implementation of World Bank assisted Jal Marg Vikas Project(JMVP) at a total cost of Rs. 4634 cr. including the work on activities aligned to the Arth Ganga Concept at a cost of Rs. 746 cr. On the concept of Arth Ganga, JMVP-II was conceptualized in July 2020 with the objective of boosting socio-economic development and economic benefits to the farmers, traders & public living around the Ganga, logistics cost reduction, etc. Arth- Ganga programme is at initial stage and is progressing as per the original schedule.
The JMVP-II (Arth Ganga) includes among others development of 62 nos. of community jetties and 10 nos. (5 pairs) of Ro-Ro terminals in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal.
S.No. |
State |
Community Jetties |
Ro-Ro terminals |
1 |
Bihar |
21 nos. |
6 locations |
2 |
Uttar Pradesh |
15 nos. |
1 locations |
3 |
Jharkhand |
3 nos. |
2 locations |
4 |
West Bengal |
23 nos. |
1 locations |
Works under Arth Ganga are at DPR/Tendering stage.
No projects on the lines of Arth Ganga has been implemented/proposed for Maharashtra and Southern States.
2-Mar-2022: Mizoram plays a crucial role in the development of Inland water transport (IWT) of Northeast
Union Minister of Ports Shipping & Waterways and AYUSH, Shri Sarbananda Sonowal reviewed the ongoing projects, including the important Kaladan Multi Modal Transport project in Mizoram with top officials from Inland Waterways Authority (IWAI), Transport Department, Public Works Department (PWD) of Mizoram to develop the inland water transport (IWT) in Aizwal today. The Minister highlighted the importance that Mizoram plays in the developing a robust inland water system in the Northeast India. The review was also attended by the Minister of State, Transport department, Government of Mizoram, Pu T J Lalnuntluanga and the Chief Secretary of Government of Mizoram, Dr Renu Sharma.
Plans are afoot to develop the inland water transport at Khawthilangtuipui (Karnaphuli)-Tuichawng River stretching upto 23 kms. The total cost of this project Rs 22.93 crore. The PSW Ministry has sanctioned a total of Rs 6.17 crore under Central Sector Scheme. The minister was also appraised about the Hydrographical Survey & Techno Economic Feasibility study conducted covering a stretch of 87.136 kms between River Tiawng at Khamrang village in Mizoram to Gharmura in Assam. A detailed report to develop IWT at River Chhimtuipui was submitted. It has now been decided to conduct Detail Hydrographic Survey and Techno Economic Feasibility Survey on this river from Tupui D to Lomasu stretching upto 138.26 kms. The cost of this survey is budgeted at Rs 82.30 lakhs.
Speaking after the review, the Shri Sarbananda Sonowal said, “Mizoram plays a crucial role in the development of the inland water transport of Northeast. The vision of Prime Minister is to energise the Northeast region as the new engine of growth in India. To achieve this, we must optimally utilise our rivers as means of an economic, swift and ecologically sound means of transport. The economic potential of Mizoram as well as that of the Northeast can be unlocked by developing our waterways & strengthening our logistical access to the world market.”
8-Feb-2022: Transportation of Goods Through Coastal Waterways
The efforts made by the Government to promote the transportation through waterways have resulted in increase in transportation of goods through Inland Water Transport (IWT) and coastal waterways. Cargo movement through National Waterways including coastal waterways having linkage with National Waterways (NWs) has registered a growth of 2.76 times during the period 2014-15 to 2020-21.
Growth rate of IWT on National Waterways from 2009-10 to 2013-14 was at 1.5%. The growth rate in 2020-21 is 13.5% over that of 2019-20.
29-Jul-2021: Inland Navigation
National Waterway-1 (NW-1) (Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly river system from Allahabad to Haldia), NW-2 (River Brahmaputra from Dhubri to Sadiya), NW-3 (West Coast Canal from Kottapuram to Kollam along with Udyogmandal and Champakara Canals) have already been developed with fairway, navigational aids, jetties and terminals with mechanized equipment handling facilities for loading and unloading of cargo. These waterways are operational and vessels are plying on these National Waterways. In addition, NW-10 (river Amba), NW-68 (river Mandovi), NW-73 (river Narmada), NW-83 (Rajpuri Creek), NW-85 (Revadanda Creek - Kundalika River System), NW-91 (Shastri river–Jaigad creek system), NW-97 (Sunderbans Waterways), NW-100 (river Tapi) and NW-111 (river Zuari) are also operational.
The navigability of the waterway is monitored through regular hydrographic surveys and channel inspection by Regional Directorates supported by Sub-Regional Offices located along the NWs. Fortnightly hydrographic surveys are conducted to determine the available depth and possible shoal formations in the channels to determine safe navigability throughout the year. A constant vigil is kept on the river regime behavior and accordingly appropriate river conservancy measures are taken to ensure fairways for safe movement of vessels.
Based on the observation during channel inspection and hydrographic surveys, River Notices are issued and placed on Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) website with details of Least Available Depth (LAD), clearances at bridge structures etc. along with any specific information to be conveyed to shippers to assist them for safe transportation of cargo on the National Waterways.
River Information System (RIS) which aims to streamline the exchange of information between waterway operators and users to optimize traffic and transport processes in inland navigation, has been commissioned on NW-1 (river Ganga) which is operational between Haldia–Farakka (Ph-I) and Farakka – Patna (Ph-II) stretches of the waterway.
The following projects were approved by IWAI for development of Inland Navigation on NW-3 in the state of Kerala:
- The construction/ modification of existing navigational lock at Thrikunnapuzha in NW-3 has been approved at a cost of Rs. 38 crore and entrusted the work to Irrigation Dept., Govt. of Kerala. An amount of Rs. 33 crore has already been released to Inland Navigational Directorate of Kerala towards executing the works on deposit basis. The physical progress of work is about 45%.
- The construction of road over bridge across NW-3 at Kovilthottam near Chavara has been approved at a cost of Rs. 5.75 crore by cost sharing basis (50:50) between IWAI and Kerala Minerals and Metals Ltd. (KMML), Chavara (under Govt. of Kerala). The work has been entrusted to Harbour Engineering Dept., Govt. of Kerala and 50% share of IWAI i.e., Rs. 1.38 crore has already been deposited with Govt. of Kerala.
The stretch of Kollam to Kottapuram of West Coast Canal and Champakara canal & Udyogmandal Canals (205 km) in Kerala was declared as National Waterway (NW-3) in 1993. It has been further extended by 165 km in the North from Kottpuram to Kozhikode in April, 2016 by the National Waterways Act, 2016. Development of waterways for the stretch of Kollam to Kottapuram of West Coast Canal and Champakara canal & Udyogamandal Canals has been completed except for 1.20 km between Edappallikotta & Kollam and is being maintained with a channel of 2 m Least Available Depth and 32/ 38 m bottom width. The balanced capital dredging/ widening along with its allied activities in the stretch Edappallikotta & Kollam at an estimated cost of Rs. 6.75 crore has been sanctioned. NW-3 is operational with 24 hours navigational facilities, 9 permanent intermodal terminals with storage facilities and mechanized equipment for loading/ unloading of cargo. Annual fairway maintenance activities between Kottapuram – Kollam along with Champakara & Udyogmandal Canal sanctioned at a cost of Rs. 7.42 crore for FY 2021-22. Operations and Maintenance (O & M) of terminals on NW-3 sanctioned at a cost of Rs. 2.28 crore for FY 2021-22. O & M vessels on NW-3 sanctioned at a cost of Rs. 1.85 crore during FY 2021-22. The developmental activities on NW-8 & NW-9 has also been taken up in phased manner to promote cargo and tourism in Kerala.
IWAI is making all efforts to complete the ongoing developmental projects in a time bound manner.
16-Mar-2020: Use of Waterways for Reducing Cost of Transportation
Significant savings in cost of transportation are expected by using Inland Water Transport (IWT) mode of transport. As per RITES Report of 2014 on “Integrated National Waterways Transportation Grid”, the cost comparison on the modes of surface transport is given below:
Mode |
Highways |
Railways |
IWT |
Freight (Rs./T.km) |
2.50 |
1.36 |
1.06 |
National Waterway-1 (river Ganga), NW-2 (river Brahmaputra) and NW-3 (West Coast Canal from Kottapuram to Kollam along with Udyogmandal and Champakara Canals) are operational and vessels are plying on them. In addition, NW-10 (river Amba) in Maharashtra, NW-68 (river Mondovi) in Goa, NW-73 (river Narmada) in Gujarat, NW-83 (Rajpuri Creek) in Maharashtra, NW-85 (Revadanda Creek - Kundalika River System) in Maharashtra, NW-91 (Shastri river-Jaigad creek system) in Maharashtra, NW-97 (Sundarbans Waterways) in West Bengal, NW-100 (river Tapi) in Gujarat & Maharashtra and NW-111 (river Zuari) in Goa are also operational.
IWAI is implementing the Jal Marg Vikas Project (JMVP) at an estimated cost of Rs.5369.18 crore for capacity augmentation of navigation on the Haldia-Varanasi stretch of Ganga with technical and financial assistance of the World Bank. Under JMVP projects worth Rs.1800 crore (approx.) have commenced on ground in a time period of three years after statutory clearances. These include Multimodal Terminals at Varanasi and Sahibganj and three contracts for dredging.
Fairway development works in Vijayawada-Muktyala stretch of river Krishna in Andhra Pradesh (Part of NW-4) have been completed. Fabrication of four floating pontoons and land acquisition for fixed terminals (4 nos.) at Ibrahimpatnam, Harischandrapuram, Muktyala and Madipadu has been taken up.
Annex.
Details of 8 new National Waterways on which development activities have been initiated.
Name of the Waterway and States |
Status |
1.River Barak (NW-16) in Assam |
Development at a cost of Rs.76.01 crore for Phase-1 of NW-16 from Silchar to Bhanga has commenced. This includes maintenance dredging, upgradation of terminals at Badarpur and Karimganj. Waterway is operational with limited infrastructure facility. |
2. River Gandak (NW-37) in Bihar |
Initial development process has been completed as per requirement. Further development process will be synchronized with cargo demand. |
Waterways in Goa 3. NW-27-Cumberjua 4. NW-68 – Mandovi 5. NW-111 – Zuari |
A Tripartite MoU has been signed with Government of Goa and Mormugao Port Trust for development of NWs in Goa. Development of NWs in Goa at an estimated cost of Rs.22.65 crore has commenced. NWs of Goa are operational. Installation of 3 nos. floating Jetties amounting to Rs.11.33 crore on river Mandovi and one no. on river Chapora on EPC basis has been taken up. |
6. Alappuzha – Kottayam – Athirampuzha Canal (NW-9) in Kerala |
Waterway is already operational for ferry services. Maintenance scheme for development at a cost of Rs.0.82 crore was approved in May, 2019 for execution during 2019-20. Night navigation facilities have been installed. |
7. River Rupnarayan (NW-86) in West Bengal |
Development of the waterway at an estimated cost of Rs. 24.00 crore has commenced. Work has been awarded for setting up of floating terminal. Waterway is operational. |
8. Sundarbans Waterways (NW-97) in West Bengal |
Development of waterway at an estimated cost of Rs.18.10 crore has commenced. Upgradation of infrastructure at Hemnagar has been taken up to handle Cargo/ Passenger or Customs/ Immigration requirements. Waterway is part of Indo-Bangladesh Protocol route and already operational for vessels. |
3-Nov-2019: First ever movement of container cargo on Brahmaputra (National Waterway -2)
In line with Government’s focus on improving connectivity to the North Eastern Region (NER), a landmark container cargo consignment will sail on inland waterways from Haldia Dock Complex (HDC) to the Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) terminal at Pandu in Guwahati on 4 November, 2019.
Shri Gopal Krishna, Secretary (Shipping) will flag off the inland vessel MV Maheshwari carrying 53 TEUs (containers) of petrochemicals, edible oil and beverage etc. The 12-15 days voyage will be an integrated IWT movement via National Waterway-1 (river Ganga), NW-97 (Sundarbans), Indo-Bangladesh Protocol (IBP) route and NW-2 (river Brahmaputra). This is the first ever containerized cargo movement on this Inland Water Transport (IWT) route. The 1425 km long movement is expected to establish the technical and commercial viability of IWT mode using these multiple waterways even as a series of pilot movements are planned on the stretch. The latest IWT movement is aimed at providing a fillip to North East Region’s industrial development by opening up an alternate route for transportation of raw material and finished goods.
Taking ahead the Government's vision of promoting IWT, the first consignment of containerized cargo on National Waterway-1 (Ganga-Bhagirathi-Hooghly river system) was received by the Prime Minister on 12 November 2018 when he dedicated to the nation, the Multi Modal Terminal at Varanasi. IWT on NW-1 has witnessed healthy growth with the augmentation of navigation capacity of Ganga under Jal Marg Vikas Project. The traffic on NW-1 has grown from 5.48 million tonne in 2017-18 to 6.79 million tonne in 2018-19. Out of the total traffic of 6.79 million tonne on NW-1, approximately 3.15 million tonne is the EXIM trade between India and Bangladesh using the Indo Bangladesh Protocol (IBP) routes.
The Protocol on Inland Water Transit and Trade (PIWTT) between India and Bangladesh allows mutually beneficial arrangements for the use of their waterways for movement of goods between the two countries by vessels of both countries. The IBP route extends from Kolkata (India) on NW-1 to Silghat (Assam) on NW-2 (River Brahmaputra) and Karimganj (Assam) on NW-16 (River Barak).Two stretches of Bangladesh inland waterways viz. Sirajganj–Daikhawa & Ashuganj-Zakiganj on the IBP route are being developed at a total cost of Rs 305.84 Cr. on 80:20 cost sharing basis (80% being borne by India & 20% by Bangladesh). The development of these two stretches is expected to provide seamless navigation to and from North East India through waterways via the IBP route. The contracts for dredging on the two stretches have been awarded for achieving and maintaining requisite depth .
In addition to the above, India and Bangladesh have taken major steps to enhance utilization of waterways in the recent past. These include agreement on declaration of additional Ports of Call under PIWT&T at Kolaghat, Dhulian, Maia, Sonamura in India, and Chilmari, Rajshahi, Sultanganj, Daukhandi in Bangladesh. Both countries have also agreed on the following:-
- Badarpur as an extended port of call of Karimganj (Assam, India) and Ghorasal of Ashuganj in Bangladesh.
- Tribeni as an extended port of call of Kolkata, India and Muktarpur of Pangaon in Bangladesh.
- Protocol route no.5 & 6 i.e. Rajshahi-Godagari- Dhulian to be extended upto Aricha (Bangladesh).
- Inclusion of Daudkhandi-Sonamura stretch on Gumti river as new route no. 9 & 10.
An SOP to facilitate the movement of goods to and from India through Chattogram and Mongla Ports in Bangladesh has been signed by the two countries on 5th October 2019. The proximity of these two ports will reduce logistics cost and improve trade competitiveness of North East states.
10-Sep-2019: PM to inaugurate India’s second Multi Modal Terminal on Ganga at Sahibganj in Jharkhand
The Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi will dedicate to the nation India’s second riverine Multi Modal terminal built at Sahibganj in Jharkhand on 12 September, 2019. The Prime Minister will inaugurate the state of the art terminal through a two -way digital communication system at an event in Ranchi, Jharkhand. The Minister of State for Shipping (Independent Charge) and Chemical and Fertilizers Shri Mansukh Mandaviya will be present at Sahibganj, Jharkhand.
Built at a cost of Rs 290 crores in a record time of about two years, the Prime Minister himself had laid the foundation stone of IWAI’s Sahibganj multimodal terminal in April, 2017. This is the second of the three Multi Modal Terminals being constructed on river Ganga under Jal Marg Vikas Project (JMVP). Earlier, in November, 2018 the Prime Minister had inaugurated the MMT at Varanasi.
The Multi-Modal terminal at Sahibganj will open up industries of Jharkhand and Bihar to the global market and provide Indo-Nepal cargo connectivity through waterways route. It will play an important role in transportation of domestic coal from the local mines in Rajmahal area to various thermal power plants located along NW-1. Other than coal, stone chips, fertilisers, cement and sugar are other commodities expected to be transported through the terminal.
The multi-modal terminal will also help to create direct employment of about 600 people and indirect employment of about 3000 people in the region. The convergence of Road-Rail-River Transport at Sahibganj through the new multi-modal terminal will connect this part of the hinterland to Kolkata, Haldia and further to the Bay of Bengal. Also, Sahibganj will get connected to North-East States through Bangladesh by river-sea route.
The capacity of the terminal is 30 lakh tonnes per annum. It will grow to 54.8 lakh tonnes per annum after an investment of Rs 376 crores for capacity enhancement in Phase II under PPP mode. The development in Phase II will be entirely made by the private concessionaire. Further, a freight village is also proposed on 335 acres of land in contiguity with the terminal.
Salient features of Sahibganj Multi Modal Terminal:
- Second Multi-Modal Terminal on National Waterway -1 (river Ganga)
- Cost of Phase-I of MMT: Rs 290 Cr
- Start date of the project: 10 November, 2016
- Completion date of the project: September, 2019
- Jetty: Length 270 m x Width 25 m with berthing and mooring facility.
- 1 Mobile Harbour Crane
The MMTs are being built as part of the Jal Marg Vikas Project that aims to develop the stretch of River Ganga between Varanasi to Haldia for navigation of large vessels upto 1500-2000 tonnes weight, by maintaining a drought of 2-3 metres in this stretch of the river and setting up other systems required for safe navigation. The objective is to promote inland waterways as a cheaper and more environment friendly means of transport, especially for cargo movement. Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) is the project Implementing Agency.